Solar MPPT Charger and Repair Guide

There are several types of solar battery charging controllers, including:

1. PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) Controllers: These controllers regulate the charging of the battery by varying the width of the charging current pulses. PWM controllers are less expensive than MPPT controllers, but are less efficient.

2. MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) Controllers: These controllers use a more advanced algorithm to maximize the power output of the solar panels by tracking the maximum power point (MPP) of the panel, and adjusting the voltage and current accordingly. MPPT controllers are more efficient than PWM controllers, but are also more expensive.

3. Shunt Controllers: These controllers use a shunt resistor to measure the charging current and voltage of the battery. They are simple and inexpensive, but less efficient than PWM or MPPT controllers.

4. Series Controllers: These controllers regulate the charging of multiple batteries in a series configuration. They are often used in RVs and boats to charge multiple batteries from a single solar panel.

5. Hybrid Controllers: These controllers combine the features of MPPT and PWM controllers, and are capable of automatically switching between the two modes to provide the most efficient charging. Hybrid controllers are more expensive than PWM or MPPT controllers, but offer superior performance.

   

   MPPT Charger
   

    
   

What is MPPT Charger ? 

The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) solar charger is a type of solar battery charging controller that uses an advanced algorithm to optimize the power output of solar panels. The theory of operation of an MPPT charger can be broken down into several steps:

1. Voltage and current measurement: The MPPT controller measures the voltage and current of the solar panel array and the battery to determine the amount of power being generated and stored.

2. Power calculation: The MPPT controller calculates the power being generated by the solar panels by multiplying the voltage and current measurements.

3. Maximum power point tracking: The MPPT controller uses an algorithm to determine the maximum power point (MPP) of the solar panels, which is the point at which the panels are generating the most power. The algorithm varies the voltage and current to find the MPP.

4. Output regulation: The MPPT controller adjusts the voltage and current of the solar panels to match the charging requirements of the battery, while also ensuring that the panels are operating at their maximum power output.

5. Battery charging: The MPPT controller charges the battery by regulating the amount of current and voltage being supplied to the battery, based on the battery's charging requirements.

Overall, the MPPT charger operates by constantly adjusting the voltage and current of the solar panels to track the maximum power point, and then regulating the output to match the battery charging requirements. This results in higher efficiency and faster charging times compared to other types of solar battery charging controllers.

Main Block Diagram of MPPT Charger

 

 

 

 

Connection Diagram of Charger Controller

 

MPPT Algorithms

There are several algorithms used in Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controllers to track the maximum power point of a solar panel. Some of the most common algorithms include:

1. Perturb and Observe (P&O): This algorithm varies the voltage and/or current of the solar panel and observes the change in power output. If the power output increases, the algorithm continues to adjust the voltage and/or current in the same direction until the power output starts to decrease, at which point the algorithm reverses direction and repeats the process.

2. Incremental Conductance (IncCond): This algorithm calculates the derivative of the power output with respect to the voltage and compares it to a threshold value. If the derivative is greater than the threshold, the voltage is adjusted in the same direction. If the derivative is less than the threshold, the voltage is adjusted in the opposite direction. This process is repeated until the MPP is reached.

3. Fractional Open Circuit Voltage (FOCV): This algorithm measures the open circuit voltage of the solar panel and calculates a fraction of this voltage. The controller then adjusts the panel voltage to this fraction and measures the resulting power output. If the power output increases, the voltage is adjusted further in the same direction until the power output starts to decrease, at which point the voltage is adjusted in the opposite direction.

4. Model Predictive Control (MPC): This algorithm uses a mathematical model of the solar panel and battery system to predict the power output at different voltage and current levels. The algorithm then selects the voltage and current level that is predicted to produce the highest power output.

Overall, these algorithms allow the MPPT controller to continuously adjust the voltage and/or current of the solar panel to track the MPP, which maximizes the power output of the panel and improves the efficiency of the charging process.

 

My MPPT Charger not Working ! Then I replace shortcircuited FET, please refer the video.